{"id":61,"date":"2023-04-15T13:09:53","date_gmt":"2023-04-15T17:09:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/nanoscience.ucf.edu\/rajaraman\/?page_id=61"},"modified":"2026-05-11T14:25:30","modified_gmt":"2026-05-11T18:25:30","slug":"publications","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/nanoscience.ucf.edu\/rajaraman\/publications\/","title":{"rendered":"Publications"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Peer Reviewed Journal and Conference Papers<\/h1>\n\n\n\n

2<\/strong><\/span><\/span>0<\/span><\/span>26<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Journal<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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  1. R. James, T. Hostios, J. Chang, A. Patel, F. Bin Kashem, I. Johnson, J. Manrique Castro, J. Hickman and S. Rajaraman<\/strong>*, \u201cDetection of Mitochondrial Bioenergetics using a Novel Bimodal 3D Microelectrode Array (MEA)-based Biosensor\u201d Nature Microsystems and Nanoengineering<\/em> (accepted), 2026.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  2. M. Chimerad, P. Borjian, F. Bin Kashem, S. Rajaraman<\/strong>, and H.J. Cho*, \u201cA Battery-Free, Data-Informed UV Dose Sensor Made of Laser-Induced Graphene and Bio-Derived Electrolytes\u201d Micromachines<\/em>, 13, 3, 2026: <\/strong>https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-666X\/17\/3\/302<\/a><\/u>. <\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    202<\/strong><\/span><\/span>5<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Journal<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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    1. S. Tidke, M. Tregansin, J. Potter, C. Hatcher, A. Watson, and S. Rajaraman*, <\/strong>\u201cEmbedded Multimodal (TEER, EIS, Transparency) Sensing Chips for in vitro<\/em> Cellular Models\u201d, IEEE Sensors Letters<\/em>, vol. 9 (9), 2025: <\/strong> https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/11125483<\/a><\/u><\/li>\n\n\n\n
    2. M. Elumalai, A. Childs, S. Williams, G. Arguello, E. Martinez, A. Easterling, D. San Luis, S. Rajaraman<\/strong>*,and C. Didier*, <\/strong>\u201cApplication of Carbon Nanotube-based Elastomeric Matrix for Capacitive Sensing in Diabetic Foot Orthotics\u201d, <\/strong>Micromachines<\/em> 16, 7: <\/strong>https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-666X\/16\/7\/804<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

      Conference<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \n
      1. F. Bin Kashem, J. Manrique Castro, O. Cepeda Torres, S. Tidke, C. McDorman, G. Davies, S. Rajaraman*<\/strong>, “Development of a Cost Effective, Hybrid Microfabricated, All Glass Hermetic Package for Wireless In Vitro and Wearable Electrode Array Systems in Low Resource Settings”, IEEE Sensors 2025<\/em>, Vancouver, Canada, Oct 2025. https:\/\/2025.ieee-sensorsconference.org\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
      2. S. Tidke, M. Tregansin, J. Potter, C. Hatcher, A. Watson, and S. Rajaraman*, <\/strong>\u201cEmbedded Multimodal (TEER, EIS, Transparency) Sensing Chips for in vitro<\/em> Cellular Models\u201d, IEEE Sensors 2025<\/em>, Vancouver, Canada, Oct 2025. https:\/\/2025.ieee-sensorsconference.org\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
      3. Y. Rocha, R. James, A. Patel, J. Hickman, S. Rajaraman<\/strong>, and J. Manrique Castro, \u201cImpedance Modeling Providing Enhanced Understanding of Mitochondrial Bioenergetics utilizing Novel 3D Microelectrode Array-based Biosensor\u201d, Proc. ofthe 23rd<\/sup> International Conference on Solid State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems (Transducers 2025)<\/em>, Orlando, USA, June-July 2025. https:\/\/www.transducers2025.org<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
      4. D. Rodriguez De Francisco, E. Davidson Barahona, O. Cepeda Torres, S. Santra, S. Rajaraman*<\/strong> “Dissolvable Silk Fibroin Microneedle (SF\u03bcN) Patch For Long-Acting Thyroid Hormone Replacement Therapy”, the 38th International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (IEEE MEMS 2025)<\/em>, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Jan 2025. https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/10917627<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

        2024<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Journal<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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        1. D. Appavoo, N. Azim, M. Elshatoury, D. Antony, S. Rajaraman <\/strong>and L. Zhai,\u201cFour Dimensional Printing of Multi-Material Origami and Kirigami-Inspired Hydrogel Self-Folding Structures\u201d,Materials<\/em>, 2024, 17 (20), 5028,: https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1996-1944\/17\/20\/5028<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
        2. P. Morales-Cruz, J. Chang, M. Tregansin, J. Fnu, L. Zhai, L. Tetard, J. Manrique Castro, and S. Rajaraman*, <\/strong>\u201cHandheld, Biomimetic Phase-Change Microsystems for Breath Condensate based Point of Use Diagnostics Assays\u201d IEEE Sensors Journal <\/em>(accepted and available online), <\/em>2024: https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/10720692<\/a>.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
        3. A. Childs, D. Chand, J. Pereira, S. Santra, S.<\/strong> Rajaraman<\/strong>. BacteSign: Building a Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable (FAIR) Database for Universal Bacterial Identification. Biosensors<\/em> 2024, 14<\/em>, 176. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/bios14040176<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
        4. J. <\/sup>Manrique Castro, N. Azim, N. Castaneda, E. Kang, and S. Rajaraman*, <\/strong>\u201cMicrofluidic Biosensor for In Vitro Electrophysiological Characterization of Actin Bundles\u201d, <\/strong>IEEE\/ASME Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems (JMEMS), <\/em>2024 (accepted and available online):<\/strong> https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/10477650<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

          Conference<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

            \n
          1. J. Manrique Castro, B. Walker, F. Bin Kashem, S. Rajaraman*<\/strong> \u201cPackaging Development with an Integrated Wireless System for an Electrochemical Cardiac Biosensor\u201d, the 70th<\/sup> American Vacuum Society Meeting (AVS 70)<\/em>, Tampa, FL, Nov. 2024: https:\/\/avs70.avs.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Technical-Program.pdf<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
          2. J. Madas, A. Childs, L. Zhai, Z. Cheng, S. Rajaraman<\/strong>. “A 3D Printed Micro Liquid Thermal Regulator (MLTR) for In-Vivo Chronic Pain Applications”, the 21th Solid State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems Workshop (Hilton Head 2024)<\/em>, Hilton Head, SC, June 2024. https:\/\/www.hh2024.org<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
          3. O. Cepeda Torres, C. Edmonds, D. Rodriguez De Francisco, E. Davidson, C. Didier, S. Rajaraman<\/strong>. “Multi-Material Palette for 3D Microelectrode Arrays for a Variety of 3D Electrogenic Microphysiological Systems”, the 21th Solid State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems Workshop (Hilton Head 2024)<\/em>, Hilton Head, SC, June 2024. https:\/\/www.hh2024.org<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
          4. J. Chang, G. Rutins, O. Cepeda Torres, S. Shahzad, S. Rajaraman<\/strong>, L. Tetard. “Multifunctional Fingerprinting of Individual Fibroblasts using MEMS-Based Devices”, the 21th Solid State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems Workshop (Hilton Head 2024)<\/em>, Hilton Head, SC, June 2024. https:\/\/www.hh2024.org<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
          5. J. Manrique Castro, M. Elumalai, D. Rodriguez De Francisco, I. Johnson, S. Rajaraman<\/strong>, C. Didier. “Development of Advanced Diabetic Orthotics: From Finite Element Modeling to Pressure Sensor Implementation”, the 21th Solid State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems Workshop (Hilton Head 2024)<\/em>, Hilton Head, SC, June 2024. https:\/\/www.hh2024.org<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
          6. S. Tidke, O. Cepeda Torres, B. Butkus, A. Childs, S. Rajaraman<\/strong>. “Tailoring Enhancement of Silicon-Di-Oxide Adhesion to Polycarbonate Substrates for 3D Microelectrodes Arrays (3D MEA) and Other Biosensors”, the 21th Solid State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems Workshop (Hilton Head 2024)<\/em>, Hilton Head, SC, June 2024. https:\/\/www.hh2024.org<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
          7. D. Rodriguez De Francisco, E. Davidson, O. Cepeda Torres, S. Rajaraman<\/strong>. “Long-lasting Levothyroxine Sodium Microneedle Patch for Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis Treatment”, the 21th Solid State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems Workshop (Hilton Head 2024)<\/em>, Hilton Head, SC, June 2024. https:\/\/www.hh2024.org<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
          8. R. James, I. Johnson, J. Chang, J. Manrique Castro, S. Rajaraman<\/strong>. “Microfabrication and Characterization of a Novel 3D Mitochondrial Biosensor”, the 21th Solid State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems Workshop (Hilton Head 2024)<\/em>, Hilton Head, SC, June 2024. https:\/\/www.hh2024.org<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
          9. P. Morales-Cruz, M. Tregansin, J. Fnu, J. Manrique Castro and S. Rajaraman <\/strong>\u201cBiomimetic Phase-Change Microsystems for Breath Condensate based Point of Care Diagnostics\u201d, Proc. of IEEE MEMS 2024<\/em>, Austin, Texas, Jan 2024: https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/10439320<\/strong><\/a> <\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

            2023<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

            Journal<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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            1. P. Borjian, M. Chimerad, P. Pathak, A. Childs <\/sup>, S. Rajaraman<\/strong>, and H.J. Cho, \u201cElectrochemical Sensors for Lead Ion Detection using Sodium Alginate Crosslinked with 2-Acrylamido-2-Methyl Propane Sulfonic Acid and Aluminum Microparticles\u201d IEEE Sensors Letters<\/em>, 7, 9, 2023: https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/10225253<\/a><\/strong> <\/li>\n\n\n\n
            2. C. Didier, D. Fox, K. Pollard, A. Baksh, N. Iyer, A. Bosak, Y. Li Sip, J. Orrico, A. Kundu, R. Ashton, L. Zhai, <\/sup>M. Moore, and S. Rajaraman <\/strong>\u201cFully Integrated 3D Microelectrode Arrays with Polydopamine-Mediated Silicon Dioxide Insulation for Electrophysiological Interrogation of a Novel 3D Human, Neural Microphysiological Construct\u201d,ACS Applied Materials and Interfac<\/em>es, vol. 15 (31), 37157 – 37173, 2023: <\/strong>https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/10.1021\/acsami.3c05788<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
            3. J. Manrique Castro, F. Sommerhage, R. Khanna, A. Childs, D. DeRoo and S. Rajaraman<\/strong>, \u201cHigh-Throughput Microbead Assay System with a Portable, Cost-Effective Wi-Fi Imaging Module, and Disposable Multi-Layered Microfluidic Cartridges for Virus and Microparticle Detection and Tracking\u201d, Biomedical Microdevices<\/em>, 25, 21, 2023. https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10544-023-00661-3#citeas<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
            4. C. Didier, J. Orrico, O. Cepeda Torres, J. Manrique Castro, A. Baksh and S. Rajaraman<\/strong>, \u201cMicrofabricated Polymer-Metal Biosensors for Multifarious Data Collection from Electrogenic Cellular Models\u201d, Nature Microsystems and Nanoengineering<\/em>, 9, 22, 2023. https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41378-023-00488-1<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
            5. A. Bagde, S. Dev, L. Sriram, S. Spencer, A. Kalvala, A. Nathani, O. Salau, K. Mosley-Kellum, H. Dalvaigari, S. Rajaraman<\/strong>, A. Kundu and M. Singh, \u201cBiphasic Burst and Sustained Transdermal Delivery in vivo using an AI-optimized 3D-Printed MN Patch\u201d, International Journal of Pharmaceuticals<\/em>, 2023, 122647. https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0378517323000674<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
            6. A. Childs, J. Pereira, C. Didier, A. Baksh, I. Johnson, J. Manrique Castro E. Davidson, S. Santra, and S. Rajaraman<\/strong>, \u201cPlotter Cut Stencil Masks for the Deposition of Inorganic and Organic Materials and a New Rapid, Cost Effective Technique for Antimicrobial Evaluations\u201d, Micromachines 14, 1, DOI 10.3390\/mi14010014, 2023. https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-666X\/14\/1\/14<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

              Conference<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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              1. J. Manrique Castro, I. Johnson, and S. Rajaraman, <\/strong>\u201cMultilevel Microchannel-based 3D Printed and Liquid-Metal Filled Microelectrode Array within a Multiphase Controlled Microchamber for Electrophysiological Studies\u201d, <\/strong>Proc. of<\/em> <\/strong>the 22nd<\/sup> International Conference on Solid State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems (IEEE Transducers 2023)<\/em>, Kyoto, Japan, June 2023. https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/10517134<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
              2. C. Didier <\/sup>, M. Garcia-Chalbaud, J. Orrico, J. Manrique Castro and S. Rajaraman, <\/strong>\u201cHybrid Microfabrication and Electrochemical Analysis of Nonagonal 2D\/3D Microelectrode Arrays with Multi-metallic Interfaces\u201d, <\/strong>Proc. ofthe 22nd<\/sup> International Conference on Solid State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems (IEEE Transducers 2023)<\/em>, Kyoto, Japan, June 2023. https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/10517169<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
              3. A. Childs, I. Johnson, B. Dubansky, and S. Rajaraman, <\/strong>\u201cHigh-Throughput, Multimodal, Microchamber Biosensors for in vitro Localization of Killifish Cardiac Models\u201d, <\/strong>Proc. of<\/em> <\/strong>the 22nd<\/sup> International Conference on Solid State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems (IEEE Transducers 2023)<\/em>, Kyoto, Japan, June 2023. https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/10516773<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
              4. C. Didier, K. Pollard, A. Bosak, N. Iyer, R. Ashton, M. Moore and S. Rajaraman, <\/strong>\u201cEletrophysiological Characterization of a Novel, Transwell Transferred Human Neural Nociceptive Microphysiological Circuit Atop Polymer\/Steel 3D Microelectrode Arrays\u201d, <\/strong>Proc. of<\/em> <\/strong>the 22nd<\/sup> International Conference on Solid State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems (IEEE Transducers 2023)<\/em>, Kyoto, Japan, June 2023. https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/10516775<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
              5. J. Manrique Castro, I. Johnson, and S. Rajaraman<\/strong>, \u201cMicrofabrication and Characterization of Micro-Stereolithographically 3D Printed and Double Metallized Bioplates with 3D Microelectrode Arrays for in vitro Analysis of Cardiac Organoids\u201d, Proc. of the 36th International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (IEEE MEMS 2023)<\/em>, Munich, Germany, January 2023. [BEST POSTER AWARD NOMINEE<\/strong>] https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/10052547<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

                2022<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                Journal <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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                1. N. Azim, J. Orrico, D. Appavoo, L. Zhai and S.<\/strong> Rajaraman<\/strong>, \u201cPolydopamine Surface Functionalization of 3D Printed Resin Material for Enhanced Polystyrene Adhesion Towards Insultation Layers for 3D Microelectrode Arrays (3D MEAs)\u201d, RSC Advances<\/em>, 2022, 12, 25605-25616. https:\/\/pubs.rsc.org\/en\/content\/articlelanding\/2022\/ra\/d2ra03911g<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
                2. J. Manrique Castro and S. Rajaraman<\/strong>, \u201cExperimental and Modeling Based Investigations of Process Parameters on a Novel, 3D printed and Self-Insulated 24-well, High Throughput 3D Microelectrode Array Device for Biological Applications\u201d, IEEE\/ASME Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems (JMEMS)<\/em>, 31 (3), pp. 358 \u2013 371, 2022. https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/9744493<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

                  Conference<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    \n
                  1. J. Manrique Castro, F. Sommerhage, S. Piranej, D. DeRoo, K. Salaita and S. Rajaraman<\/strong>, \u201cMultiplexing and Increasing Throughput of Rolosense Assay utilizing Cost Effective WiFi Imaging and Disposable Microfluidics Chips for SARS CoV2 Detection\u201d, the 20th Solid State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems Workshop (Hilton Head 2022)<\/em>, Hilton Head, SC, June 2022. https:\/\/hh2022.org\/<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
                  2. C. Didier, J. Orrico, O. Cepeda-Torres, A. Baksh, J. Manrique Castro, and S. Rajaraman<\/strong>, \u201cPolymer and Stainless Steel-based 3D Microelectrode Arrays (3D MEAs) with Penta-Modal Sensing Capabilities for the Investigation of Electrogenic Cells\u201d, the 20th Solid State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems Workshop (Hilton Head 2022)<\/em>, Hilton Head, SC, June 2022. https:\/\/hh2022.org\/<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
                  3. C. Hart, F. Sommerhage, and S. Rajaraman<\/strong>, \u201cA Fully Sterile, Cost-Effective, Rapidly Assembled 3D Printer for Bioprinting of Electrogenic Cell Constructs to Define Functional Layers and Enhance Sensitivity of Cell-based Biosensors\u201d, the 20th Solid State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems Workshop (Hilton Head 2022)<\/em>, Hilton Head, SC, June 2022. https:\/\/hh2022.org\/<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
                  4. C. Didier, D. Fox, A. Baksh, K. Pollard, N. Iyer, A. Bosak, Y. Li Sip, J. Orrico, R. Ashton, M. Moore, L. Zhai, and S. Rajaraman<\/strong>, \u201cStable, Electron-beam Sublimated, Nanostructured Silicon dioxide on Polycarbonate and Stainless Steel as a Bioadherent Dielectric Towards Neural Microphysiological Systems\u201d, the 20th Solid State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems Workshop (Hilton Head 2022)<\/em>, Hilton Head, SC, June 2022. [BEST POSTER AWARD NOMINEE]<\/strong>. https:\/\/hh2022.org\/<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
                  5. C. Didier, A. Kundu, and S. Rajaraman<\/strong>, \u201cA Modular Microfabrication Approach with Multilayer, Micropillar 3D Interconnects utilizing DLP 3D Printing towards 3D Microelectrode Arrays and Complex Microsystems\u201d, the 20th Solid State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems Workshop (Hilton Head 2022)<\/em>, Hilton Head, SC, June 2022. https:\/\/hh2022.org\/<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
                  6. J. Manrique Castro, and S. Rajaraman<\/strong>, \u201cConstant Phase Element Modeling and Analysis of Multi-material, Micro-bullet Shaped, High-Throughput 3D Microelectrodes for In vitro Electrophysiological Applications\u201d, the 20th Solid State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems Workshop (Hilton Head 2022)<\/em>, Hilton Head, SC, June 2022. https:\/\/hh2022.org\/<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
                  7. A. Childs, J. Pereira, A. Baksh, C. Didier, E. Davidson, S. Santra, and S. Rajaraman<\/strong>, \u201cRapid, Cost Effective, Plotter Cut Stencil Masks for the Deposition of Inorganic and Organic Materials and the Creation of a New Antibiotic Diffusion Test for Minimum Lethal Concentration Detection\u201d, the 20th Solid State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems Workshop (Hilton Head 2022)<\/em>, Hilton Head, SC, June 2022. https:\/\/hh2022.org\/<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
                  8. C. Didier, A. Kundu, J. Manrique Castro, C. Hart and S. Rajaraman<\/strong>, \u201cCompact Micro-Stereolithographic (uSLA) Printed, 3D Microelectrode Arrays (3D MEAs) with Monolithically Defined Positive and Negative Relief Features for In Vitro Cardiac Beat Sensing\u201d, Proc. of the 35th International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (IEEE MEMS 2022)<\/em>, Hybrid, January 2022. [BEST POSTER AWARD WINNER]<\/strong>. https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/9699662<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

                    2021<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    Journal<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                      \n
                    1. A. Kundu, L. McCoy, N. Azim, H. Nguyen, C. Didier, T. Ausaf, A. Sharma, J. Curley, M. Moore, and S. Rajaraman<\/strong>, \u201cFabrication and Characterization of 3D Printed, 3D Microelectrode Arrays for Interfacing with a Peripheral Nerve-on-a-Chip\u201d, ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng<\/em>, 2021, 7, 7, 3018 – 3029. https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/10.1021\/acsbiomaterials.0c01184<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
                    2. C. Didier, A. Kundu, and S. Rajaraman<\/strong>, \u201cRapid Makerspace Microfabrication and Characterization of 3D Microelectrode Arrays (3D MEAs) for Organ-on-a-Chip Models\u201d, IEEE\/ASME Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems (JMEMS)<\/em>, 30 (6), pp. 853-863, 2021. https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/9537907<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
                    3. L. Santra, W. Furiosi, A. Kundu and S. Rajaraman<\/strong>, \u201cA Minimally-Invasive 3D Printed Microneedle Array Applicator System (\u00b5NAAS) for Delivery of Therapeutics to Citrus Leaf Tissue\u201d, Journal of Young Investigators<\/em>, 39 (5), pp. 60-66, 2021. https:\/\/www.jyi.org\/2021-june\/2021\/6\/1\/a-minimally-invasive-3d-printed-microneedle-array-applicator-system-naas-for-delivery-of-therapeutics-to-citrus-leaf-tissue<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
                    4. A. Kundu, S. Langevin, A. Rozman, J. Patrone, L. Hamilton, and S. Rajaraman<\/strong>, \u201cA Minimally Invasive, Micromilled, Microneedle Flexible Patch Array (\u00b5NFPA) for Transdermal Hydration Sensing\u201d, Institute of Physics Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering<\/em>, vol. 31, 075007, 2021. https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6439\/ac0322<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
                    5. J. Choi, H. Lee, S. Rajaraman<\/strong> and D-H. Kim, \u201cRecent Advances in Three-Dimensional Microelectrode Array Technologies for in vitro and in vivo Cardiac and Neuronal Interfaces\u201d, Biosensors and Bioelectronics<\/em>, 171 (2021), 112687, 2021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bios.2020.112687<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

                      Conference<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                        \n
                      1. J. Manrique Castro, A. Kundu, A. Rozman, and S. Rajaraman<\/strong>, \u201cInvestigation of the Effect of Printing Angle and Device Orientation on Micro-Stereolithographically Printed and Self-Insulated, 24-well, High-Throughput 3D Microelectrode Arrays\u201d, IEEE Sensors Conference<\/em>, Virtual, Nov. 2021. https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/xpl\/conhome\/9639447\/proceeding<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
                      2. J. Orrico, A. Kundu, C. Didier, A. Bosak, M. Moore, and S. Rajaraman<\/strong>, \u201cFabrication and Characterization of 3D Microelectrode Arrays (3D MEAs) with Tri-Modal (Electrical, Optical, and Microfluidic) Interrogation of Electrogenic Cell Constructs\u201d, Proc. of the 21st International Conference on Solid State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems (Transducers 2021)<\/em>, pp. 226-29, Virtual, June 2021. [BEST POSTER AWARD WINNER]<\/strong>. https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/9495381<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
                      3. C. Didier, C. Rountree, J. Orrico, A. Kundu, N. Azim, H. Nguyen, S. Pasha, L. McCoy, J. Curley, M. Moore, and S. Rajaraman<\/strong>, \u201cFabrication and Characterization of 3D Microelectrode Arrays (3D MEAs) with Edge Wrapped Metal Interconnects and 3D Printed Assembly Rig for Simultaneous Optical and Electrical Probing of Nerve-on-a-Chip Constructs\u201d, the 34th International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (IEEE MEMS 2021),<\/em> Virtual, Jan 2021. https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/abstract\/document\/9375313<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
                      4. L. Santra, A. Kundu and S. Rajaraman<\/strong>, \u201cA Flexible, Digital Light Processing (DLP) 3D Printed and Coated Microneedle Array (c\u00b5NA) for Precision Delivery of Novel Nanotherapeutics to Plant Tissue\u201d, the 34th International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (IEEE MEMS 2021)<\/em>, Virtual, Jan 2021. https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/abstract\/document\/9375404<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

                        2020<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                        Journal<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                          \n
                        1. P Morales-Carvajal, A. Kundu, C. Didier, C. Hart, F. Sommerhage and S. Rajaraman<\/strong>, \u201cMakerspace Microfabrication of a Stainless Steel 3D Microneedle Electrode Array (3D MEA) on a Glass Substrate for Simultaneous Optical and Electrical Probing of Electrogenic Cells\u201d, RSC Advances<\/em>, 2020, 10, 41577-87. https:\/\/pubs.rsc.org\/en\/content\/articlelanding\/2020\/ra\/d0ra06070d#!divAbstract<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
                        2. C. Hart, C. Didier, F. Sommerhage and S. Rajaraman<\/strong>, \u201cBiocompatibility of Blank, Post-Processed and Coated 3D Printed Resin Structures with Electrogenic Cells\u201d, Biosensors<\/em>, 10, 152, 2020. https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-6374\/10\/11\/152<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
                        3. C. Hart, K.S. Kumar, J. Li, J. Thomas, and S. Rajaraman<\/strong>, \u201cInvestigation of the Enhanced Sensitivity of Interdigitated Electrodes for Cellular Biosensing with Geometric, Nanostructured Surface Area and Surface Plasmon Resonance Modes\u201d, IEEE\/ASME Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems (JMEMS)<\/em>, 29 (5), pp. 1109-1111, 2020. https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/9159871<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
                        4. H. Mansoorzare, S. Shahraini, A. Todi, N. Azim, S. Rajaraman<\/strong> and R. Abdolvand, \u201cLiquid-Loaded Piezo-Silicon Micro-Disc Oscillators for Pico-Scale Bio-Mass Sensing\u201d, IEEE\/ASME Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems (JMEMS)<\/em>, 29 (5), pp. 1083-1086, 2020. https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/9143136<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
                        5. C. Didier, A. Kundu, J. Shoemaker, J. Vukasinovic and S. Rajaraman<\/strong>, \u201cSeedEZ Interdigitated Electrodes and Multifunctional Layered Biosensor Composites: A Paradigm Shift in the Development of In Vitro Biomicrosystems\u201d, IEEE\/ASME Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems (JMEMS)<\/em>, 29 (5), pp. 653-660, 2020. https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/9126794<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
                        6. A. Kundu, P. Arnett, A. Bagde, N. Azim, M. Singh, and S. Rajaraman<\/strong>, \u201cDLP 3D Printed Intelligent Microneedle Array (i\u00b5NA) for Stimuli Responsive Release of Drugs and it\u2019s In Vitro and Ex Vivo Characterization\u201d, IEEE\/ASME Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems (JMEMS)<\/em>, 29 (5), pp. 685-691, 2020. https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/9126784<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
                        7. A. Kundu, A. Rozman and S. Rajaraman<\/strong>, \u201cDevelopment of a 3D Printed, Self-Insulated, High-Throughput 3D Microelectrode Array (HT-3D MEA)\u201d, IEEE\/ASME Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems (JMEMS)<\/em>, 29 (5), pp. 1091-1093, 2020. https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/9126130<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
                        8. C. Didier, D. DeRoo, A. Kundu, and S. Rajaraman<\/strong>, \u201cDevelopment of in vitro 2D and 3D Microelectrode Arrays and their Role in Advancing Biomedical Research\u201d, (invited review paper) Institute of Physics Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering<\/em>, vol. 30, no. 10, 103001, 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/1361-6439\/ab8e91<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
                        9. C. Didier, A. Kundu, and S. Rajaraman<\/strong>, \u201cCapabilities and Limitation of 3D Printed Microserpentines, and Integrated 3D Electrodes for Stretchable and Conformable Biosensor Applications\u201d, Nature Microsystems and Nanoengineering<\/em>, 6, 15, 2020. Doi: 10.1038\/s41378-019-0129-3. https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41378-019-0129-3<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
                        10. C. Hart and S. Rajaraman<\/strong>, \u201cLow Power, Multimodal Laser Micromachining of Materials for Applications in sub-5um Shadow Masks and sub-10um Interdigitated Electrodes (IDEs) Fabrication\u201d, Micromachines<\/em> 11, 178, DOI 10.3390\/mi11020178, 2020. https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-666X\/11\/2\/178<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

                          Conference<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                            \n
                          1. C. Hart, K.S. Kumar, J. Li, J. Thomas and S. Rajaraman<\/strong>, “Nanofabricated, Multimodal, Interdigitated Electrode Biosensors with Impedimetric and Plasmonic Biosensing Modes”, the 30th Anniversary World Congress on Biosensors<\/em>, Busan, South Korea, November 2020. https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/events\/conferences\/world-congress-on-biosensors<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
                          2. M. Tirado, A. Kundu, L. Tetard and S. Rajaraman<\/strong>, “Digital Light Processing (DLP) 3D Printing of Millimeter-scale High Aspect Ratio (HAR) Structures Exceeding 100:1” the 33rd International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (IEEE MEMS 2020)<\/em>, Vancouver, Canada, Jan 2020. https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/9056357<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

                            2019<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                            Journal<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                              \n
                            1. H. Mansoorzare, S. Shahraini, A. Todi, N. Azim, D. Khater, S. Rajaraman<\/strong> and R. Abdolvand, \u201cA Microfluidic MEMS-Microbalance Platform with Minimized Acoustic Radiation in Liquid\u201d, IEEE Trans. In Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control<\/em>, 67 (6), pp. 1210-1218, 2020. Doi: 10.1109\/TUFFC.2019.2955402. https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/8910595<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
                            2. A. Kundu, M. Campos, S. Santra, and S. Rajaraman<\/strong>, \u201cPrecision Vascular Delivery of Agrochemicals with Micromilled Microneedles (\u00b5MMNs)\u201d, Nature Scientific Reports<\/em>, 9:14008, 2019. https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-019-50386-8<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
                            3. N. Azim, A. Kundu, M. Royse, Y. Li Sip, M. Young, S. Santra, L. Zhai, and S. Rajaraman<\/strong>, \u201cFabrication and Characterization of a 3D Printed MicroElectrodes Platform with Functionalized Electrospun Nanoscaffolds and Spin Coated 3D Insulation Towards Multifunctional Biosystems\u201d, IEEE\/ASME Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems (JMEMS)<\/em>, 28 (4), pp. 606-618, 2019. https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/8709727<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
                            4. A. Kundu, C. Nattoo, S. Fremgen, S. Springer, T. Ausaf and S. Rajaraman<\/strong>, \u201cOptimization of Makerspace Microfabrication Techniques and Materials for the Realization of Planar, 3D Printed Microelectrode Arrays in under Four Days\u201d, RSC Advances<\/em>, 9, pp. 8949 \u2013 8963, 2019. https:\/\/pubs.rsc.org\/en\/content\/articlelanding\/2019\/ra\/c8ra09116a#!divAbstract<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
                            5. N. Azim, C. Hart, F. Sommerhage, M. Aubin, J. Hickman, and S. Rajaraman<\/strong>, \u201cPrecision Plating of Human Electrogenic Cells on Microelectrodes Enhanced with Precision Electrodeposited Nano-Porous Platinum for Cell-Based Biosensing Applications\u201d, IEEE\/ASME Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems (JMEMS)<\/em>, 28 (1), pp. 50-62, 2019. https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/8604145<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

                              Conference<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                \n
                              1. A. Kundu, T. Ausaf, P. Rajasekaran and S. Rajaraman<\/strong>, “Multimodal Microfluidic Biosensor with Interdigitated Electrodes (IDE) and Microelectrode Array (MEA) for Bacterial Detection and Identification”, the 20th International Conference on Solid State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems (Transducers-Eurosensors 2019)<\/em>, Berlin, Germany, June 2019. https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/8808696<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
                              2. C. Didier, A. Kundu and S. Rajaraman<\/strong>, “Facile, Packaging Substrate-Agnostic Microfabrication and Assembly of Scalable, Metal, 3D Microelectrode Arrays for In vitro Organ on a Chip and Cellular Disease Modeling”, the 20th International Conference on Solid State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems (Transducers-Eurosensors 2019)<\/em>, Berlin, Germany, June 2019. https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/8808364<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

                                2018<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                Journal<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                  \n
                                1. C. Hart, A. Kundu, K. Kumar, S. Varma, J. Thomas, and S. Rajaraman<\/strong>, \u201cRapid Nanofabrication of Nanostructured Interdigitated Electrodes (nIDEs) for Long Term, in vitro Analysis of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Differentiated Cardiomyocytes\u201d, Biosensors<\/em>, 8(4), 88, 2018. https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-6374\/8\/4\/88<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                2. S. Varma, K. Kumar, S. Seal, S. Rajaraman<\/strong> and J. Thomas, \u201cFiber-type Solar Cells, Nanogenerators, Batteries, and Supercapacitors for Wearable Applications\u201d, Advanced Science<\/em>, DOI: 10.1002\/advs.201800340, 2018. https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full\/10.1002\/advs.201800340<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                3. A. Kundu, T. Ausaf and S. Rajaraman<\/strong>, \u201c3D Printing, Ink Casting and Micromachined Lamination (3D PICL\u00b5M): A Makerspace Approach to the Fabrication of Biological Microdevices\u201d, Micromachines <\/em>9(2), 85, doi. 10.3390\/mi9020085, 2018. https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-666X\/9\/2\/85<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

                                  Conference<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                    \n
                                  1. C. Didier, A. Kundu and S. Rajaraman<\/strong>, “From 3D to 4D: Integration of 3D Printed Structures for Fabrication of Multifunctional 4D Biological Microsensors for Lab-on-a-Chip and Wearable Applications”, the 22nd International Conference on Miniaturized Systems for Chemistry and Life Sciences (MicroTAS 2018)<\/em>, Kaoshiung, Taiwan, Nov 2018. https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210630015528\/https:\/\/cbmsociety.org\/microtas\/microtas2018\/<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                  2. C. Hart and S. Rajaraman<\/strong>, “Multimodal Laser Micromachined Shadow Masks for Rapid Patterning of Sub-5\u00b5m Organic and Inorganic Layers for Lab-on-a-Chip Applications”, the 22nd International Conference on Miniaturized Systems for Chemistry and Life Sciences (MicroTAS 2018)<\/em>, Kaoshiung, Taiwan, Nov 2018. https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210630015528\/https:\/\/cbmsociety.org\/microtas\/microtas2018\/<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                  3. N. Azim, N. Castaneda, A. Diaz, H. Kang and S. Rajaraman<\/strong>, “Multi-modal Microelectrode Arrays for the Investigation of Protein Actin\u2019s Electro-Mechanosensing Mechanisms Toward Neurodegenerative Disease Models on a Chip”, the 18th Solid State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems Workshop (Hilton Head 2018)<\/em>, Hilton Head, SC, June 2018. https:\/\/www.transducer-research-foundation.org\/archive\/hh2018\/<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                  4. N. Azim, T. Ausaf, A. Kundu, L. Zhai, and S. Rajaraman<\/strong>, “Fabrication and Characterization of 3D Printed, 3D Microelectrode Arrays with Spin Coated Insulation and Functional Electrospun 3D Scaffolds for \u2018Disease in a Dish\u2019 and \u2018Organ on a Chip\u2019 Models”, the 18th Solid State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems Workshop (Hilton Head 2018)<\/em>, Hilton Head, SC, June 2018. https:\/\/www.transducer-research-foundation.org\/archive\/hh2018\/<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

                                    2017<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                    Journal<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                      \n
                                    1. C. Karnati, R.J. Aguilar, C. Arrowood, J.D. Ross and S. Rajaraman<\/strong>, \u201cMicromachining on and of Transparent Polymers for Patterning Electrodes and Growing Electrically Active Cells for Biosensor Applications\u201d, Micromachines <\/em>8(8), 250, DOI 10.3390\/mi8080250, 2017. https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-666X\/8\/8\/250<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                    2. G.S. Guvanasen, L. Guo, R.J. Aguilar, A.L. Cheek, C.S. Shafor, S. Rajaraman<\/strong>, T.R. Nichols and S.P. DeWeerth, \u201cA Stretchable Microneedle Electrode Array for Stimulating and Measuring Intramuscular Electromyographic Activity\u201d, IEEE Transactions in Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering<\/em>, vol. 25, no. 9, 2017. https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/7745882<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

                                      Conference<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                        \n
                                      1. T. Ausaf, A. Kundu and S. Rajaraman<\/strong>, “3-D Printing, Ink Casting and Lamination (3-D PICL): A Rapid, Robust, and Cost Effective Process Technology toward the Fabrication of Microfluidic and Biological Devices”, the 21st International Conference on Miniaturized Systems for Chemistry and Life Sciences (MicroTAS 2017)<\/em>, Savannah, GA, Oct 2017. https:\/\/www.microtasconferences.org\/microtas2017\/<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                      2. A. Kundu, S. Varma, J. Thomas, and S. Rajaraman<\/strong>, “Plasmonic Interdigitated Electrodes (PIDEs) for in vitro Analysis of Cells”, the 21st International Conference on Miniaturized Systems for Chemistry and Life Sciences (MicroTAS 2017)<\/em>, Savannah, GA, Oct 2017. https:\/\/www.microtasconferences.org\/microtas2017\/<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                      3. N. Azim, F. Sommerhage, M. Aubin, J. Hickman, and S. Rajaraman<\/strong>, “Precision Plating of Electrogenic Cells on Microelectrodes Enhanced with Nano-Porous Platinum for Cell-based Biosensing Applications”, 231st Meeting of the Electrochemical Society<\/em>, New Orleans, LA, May – June 2017. https:\/\/www.electrochem.org\/231<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

                                        2016<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                        Conference<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                          \n
                                        1. S. Rajaraman<\/strong>, “Wearable and Stretchable Three-Dimensional Microelectrode Arrays for Diagnostic and Implantable Applications”, Sensors Midwest Expo<\/em>, Chicago, IL, 2016. https:\/\/www.sensorsconverge.com\/<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                        2. P.E. Tyler and S. Rajaraman<\/strong>, “A 48-well Transparent Microelectrode Array Fabricated utilizing a Flexible “Wrapped Around” Interconnect Technology, IEEE Sensors Conference<\/em>, Orlando, FL, 2016.https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/7808446<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                        3. Y.A. Patel, A.C. Willsie, I.P. Clements, R.J. Aguilar, S. Rajaraman<\/strong> and R.J. Butera, “Microneedle Cuff Electrodes for Extrafascicular Peripheral Nerve Interfacing”, IEEE EMBC<\/em>, Orlando, FL, 2016.https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/7591053<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

                                          Peer Reviewed Journal and Conference Papers (before 2016):<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

                                          Journal<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                            \n
                                          1. G.S. Guvanasen, M.L. Mancini, W.A. Calhoun, S. Rajaraman<\/strong> and S.P. DeWeerth, “Polydimethylsiloxane Microstencils Molded on 3-D Printed Templates”, IEEE\/ASME Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems (JMEMS)<\/em>, vol. 23, no. 5, pp. 1045-53, 2014. https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/6870424<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                          2. P-C. Wang, S-J. Paik, S. Chen, S. Rajaraman<\/strong>, S-H. Kim and M.G. Allen, \u201cFabrication and Characterization of Polymer Hollow Microneedle Array using UV Lithography into Micromolds\u201d, IEEE\/ASME Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems (JMEMS)<\/em>, vol. 22, no. 5, pp. 1041-53, 2013. https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/6549194<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                          3. S. Rajaraman<\/strong>, J.A. Bragg, J.D. Ross and M.G. Allen, \u201cMicromachined Three-Dimensional Electrode Arrays for Transcutaneous Nerve Tracking\u201d, Institute of Physics Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering<\/em>, vol. 21, no. 8 o85014 (13 pp.), 2011. https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/0960-1317\/21\/8\/085014.<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                          4. B.A. Wester, S. Rajaraman<\/strong>, J.D. Ross, M.C. LaPlaca, and M.G. Allen, \u201cDevelopment and Characterization of a Packaged Mechanically Actuated Microtweezer System\u201d, Sensors and Actuators <\/em>A, vol. 167, no. 2, pp. 502-511, 2011. https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0924424711000094<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                          5. S. Rajaraman<\/strong>, S-O. Choi, M.A. McClain, J.D. Ross, M.C. LaPlaca, and M.G. Allen, \u201cMetal Transfer Micromolded Three-Dimensional Microelectrode Arrays (3-D MEAs) for in-vitro Brain Slice Recordings\u201d, IEEE\/ASME Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems (JMEMS)<\/em>, vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 396-409, 2011. https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/5708161<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                          6. S. Rajaraman<\/strong>, S-O. Choi, R.H. Shafer, J.D. Ross, J. Vukasinovic, Y. Choi, S.P. DeWeerth, A. Glezer, and M.G. Allen, \u201cMicrofabrication Technologies for a Coupled Three-Dimensional Microelectrode, Microfluidic Array\u201d, Institute of Physics Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering<\/em>, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 163-171, 2007. https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/0960-1317\/17\/1\/021<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                          7. S. Rajaraman<\/strong>, H-S. Noh, P.J. Hesketh and D.S. Gottfried, \u201cRapid, Low Cost Microfabrication Technologies toward Realization of Devices for Dielectrophoretic Manipulation of Particles and Nanowires\u201d, Sensors and Actuators B<\/em>, vol. 114, pp. 392-401, 2006. https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0925400505005290<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                          8. S. Kumar, S. Rajaraman<\/strong>, R.A. Gerhardt, Z.L. Wang and P.J. Hesketh, \u201cTin Oxide Nanosensor Fabrication using AC Dielectrophoretic Manipulation of Nanobelts\u201d, Electrochimica Acta<\/em>, vol. 51, pp. 943-951, 2005. https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0013468605006730<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                          9. S. Rajaraman<\/strong> and H. T. Henderson, \u201cA Unique Fabrication Approach for Microneedles using Coherent Porous Silicon Technology\u201d Sensors and Actuators B<\/em>, vol. 105, pp. 443-448, 2005. https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0925400504004745<\/strong><\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

                                            Conference<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                              \n
                                            1. Y.A. Patel, I.P. Clements, R.J. Aguilar, S. Rajaraman<\/strong> and R.J. Butera, “Upgrading the Standard Cuff Electrode: A Microneedle based Approach to Higher SNRs and Lower Stimulation Thresholds\u201d, IEEE EMBS BRAIN Grand Challenges Conference<\/em>, Washington DC, 2014. https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/7591053<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                            2. G.S. Guvanasen, A.L. Cheek, R.J. Aguilar, C.S. Shafor, S. Rajaraman<\/strong>, T.R. Nichols and S.P. DeWeerth, \u201cA Stretchable Microelectrode Array for Electrically Interfacing with Muscle\u201d, Biomedical Engineering Society Meeting<\/em>, San Antonio, Texas, 2014.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                            3. G.S. Guvanasen, R.J. Aguilar, C. Karnati, S. Rajaraman<\/strong>, T.R. Nichols and S.P. DeWeerth, \u201cDevelopment of a Stretchable, Penetrating Electrode Array for Measuring Intramuscular Electromyographic Activity\u201d, IEEE Neural Engineering Conference<\/em>, San Diego, California, November 2013.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                            4. G.S. Guvanasen, R. Aguilar, C. Karnati, S. Rajaraman<\/strong>, T.R. Nichols and S.P. DeWeerth, \u201cDevelopment of a Stretchable Penetrating Electrode Array for Measuring Intramuscular Electromyographic Activity\u201d, Micro-Total-Analysis Systems (MicroTAS 2013)<\/em>, Freiburg, Germany, 2013. https:\/\/www.microtasconferences.org\/microtas2013\/<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                            5. B.A. Wester, J.D. Ross, S. Rajaraman<\/strong> and M.G. Allen, \u201cPackaging and Characterization of Mechanically Actuated Microtweezers for Biomedical Applications\u201d, IEEE EMBC Conference<\/em>, Minneapolis, MN, 2009. https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/5333335<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                            6. P-C. Wang, B.A. Wester, S. Rajaraman<\/strong>, S-J. Paik, S-H. Kim and M.G. Allen, \u201cHollow Polymer Microneedle Array Fabricated Photolithography Process Combined with Micromolding Technique\u201d, IEEE EMBC Conference<\/em>, Minneapolis, MN, 2009. https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/5333317<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                            7. S. Rajaraman<\/strong>, M.A. McClain, S-O. Choi, J.D. Ross, S.P. DeWeerth, M.C. LaPlaca and M.G. Allen, \u201cThree-Dimensional Metal Transfer Micromolded Microelectrode Arrays for in-vitro Brain Slice Recordings\u201d, IEEE Transducers 2007<\/em>, Lyon, France, 2007. https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/4300364<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                            8. F. Herrault, C-H. Ji, S. Rajaraman<\/strong>, R.H. Shafer and M.G. Allen, \u201cElectrodeposited Metal Structures in High Aspect Ratio Cavities using Parylene Molds and Laser Micromachining\u201d, IEEE Transducers 2007<\/em>, Lyon, France, 2007. https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/4300180<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                            9. S-O. Choi, S. Rajaraman<\/strong>, Y-K. Yoon, X. Wu and M.G. Allen, \u201c3-D Patterned Microstructures using Inclined UV Exposure and Metal Transfer Micromolding\u201d, Solid State Sensors<\/em>, Actuators and Microsystems Workshop, Hilton Head, SC, 2006. https:\/\/www.transducer-research-foundation.org\/archive\/hh2006\/<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                            10. S. Kumar, S. Rajaraman<\/strong>, Z.L. Wang and P.J. Hesketh, \u201cTin Oxide Nanosensor Fabrication using Dielectrophoretic Manipulation of Nanobelts\u201d, Electrochemical Micro and Nano Technologies Conference (EMT 2004)<\/em>, Tokyo, Japan, 2004.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                            11. S. Rajaraman<\/strong>, H-S. Noh, A. Choudhury, J. Street, P.J. Hesketh and D.S. Gottfried, \u201cStereolithography based Development of Dielectrophoretic Microchannels for Enrichment of Bio-particles\u201d, 205th Meeting of the Electrochemical Society<\/em>, San Antonio, TX, 2004. https:\/\/www.electrochem.org\/205<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                            12. T. Juneau, T. Chen, T. Brosnihan, S. Rajaraman<\/strong>, K. Chau and M. Judy, \u201cSingle Chip 1×84 MEMS Mirror Array for Optical Telecommunication Application\u201d, SPIE Conference on Micromachining and Microfabrication<\/em>, San Jose, CA, 2003.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

                                              Conference Posters, Talks and Abstracts (at UCF)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
                                                \n
                                              1. J. Manrique-Castro, I. Johnson, and S. Rajaraman<\/strong>, \u201cMultiphase, User-Regulated Microchamber with Embedded Silver based Microelectrode Array, and Galinstan-filled Multilevel Microconduits for in vitro Electrophysiology of Organoids\u201d, NanoFlorida 2023<\/em>, Orlando, FL, March 2023.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                              2. C. Didier, K. Pollard, N. Iyer, A. Bosak, J. Orrico, R. Ashton, M. Moore, and S. Rajaraman<\/strong>, \u201cPolymer and Steel 3D Microelectrode Arrays for Electrophysiological Characterization of Human Neural Microphysiological Systems\u201d, NanoFlorida 2023<\/em>, Orlando, FL, March 2023.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                              3. A. Childs, I. Johnson, B. Dubansky and S. Rajaraman<\/strong>, \u201cHigh Throughput, Multimodal, Microchamber Biosensors for in vitro Selective Localization of Killifish Cardiac Models\u201d, NanoFlorida 2023<\/em>, Orlando, FL, March 2023.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                              4. P. Morales-Cruz, F. Sommerhage, J. Manrique-Castro, D. DeRoo, and S. Rajaraman<\/strong>, \u201cA Breath Condensate Collection Chip for use Towards Point-of-Care (POC) Patient Diagnostics of Viral Diseases\u201d, NanoFlorida 2023<\/em>, Orlando, FL, March 2023.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                              5. O. Cepeda-Torres, C. Didier, C. Edmonds and S. Rajaraman<\/strong>, \u201cScaling up 3D Microelectrode Arrays with SU8 as an Insulator Material to a 6 Well Interface System\u201d, NanoFlorida 2023<\/em>, Orlando, FL, March 2023.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                              6. F. Sommerhage, D. DeRoo, and S. Rajaraman<\/strong>, \u201cElectrophysiology Enabled Biosensors\u201d, the 20th Solid State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems Workshop (Hilton Head 2022)<\/em>, Hilton Head, SC, June 2022.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                              7. A. Childs, J. Pereira, A. Baksh, C. Didier, G. Giannelli, E. Davidson, S. Santra, and S. Rajaraman<\/strong>, \u201cRapid, Cost-Effective Plotter Cute Stencil Masks for the Deposition of Organic and Inorganic Materials and the Creation of a New Antibiotic Diffusion Test for Minimum Lethal Concentration Detection\u201d, NanoFlorida 2022<\/em>, Gainesville, FL, April 2022.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                              8. O. Cepeda-Torres, A. Baksh, J. Orrico, C. Didier, C. J. Manrique-Castro, and S. Rajaraman<\/strong>, \u201c3D Microelectrode Arrays (3D MEAs) with PentaModal Sensing Capabilities for the Investigation of Electrogenic Cells\u201d, Gulf Coast Undergraduate Research Symposium @Rice University<\/em>, Oct 16-17, 2021.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                              9. P.M. Morales Carvajal, A. Kundu, C. Didier, C. Hart, F. Sommerhage and S. Rajaraman<\/strong>, \u201cMicrofabrication and Assembly of a 3D Microelectrode Array (MEA) for Simultaneous Optical and Electrical Probing of an Electrogenic \u201cOrgan-on-a-Chip\u201d Model\u201d, 28th Puerto Rico Neuroscience Conference<\/em>, Virtual, Dec 2020.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                              10. P.M. Morales Carvajal, A. Kundu, C. Didier, C. Hart, F. Sommerhage and S. Rajaraman<\/strong>, \u201cMicrofabrication and Assembly of a 3D Microelectrode Array (MEA) for Simultaneous Optical and Electrical Probing of an Electrogenic \u201cOrgan-on-a-Chip\u201d Model\u201d, Gulf Coast Undergraduate Research Symposium @Rice University<\/em>, Virtual, Oct 2020.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                              11. P.M. Morales Carvajal, A. Kundu, C. Didier, C. Hart, F. Sommerhage and S. Rajaraman<\/strong>, \u201cMicrofabrication and Assembly of a 3D Microelectrode Array (MEA) for Simultaneous Optical and Electrical Probing of an Electrogenic \u201cOrgan-on-a-Chip\u201d Model\u201d, NanoFlorida 2019<\/em>, Tampa, FL, Nov 2019.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                              12. C. Didier, A. Kundu and S. Rajaraman<\/strong>, \u201cDevelopment of \u201cDynamic\u201d 3D Microelectrodes using Optimized, 3D Printed Serpentines\u201d, NanoFlorida 2019<\/em>, Tampa, FL, Nov 2019.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                              13. L. Santra, A. Kundu and S. Rajaraman<\/strong>, \u201cA Minimally-Invasive 3D Printed Microneedle Array Applicator System (\u00b5NAAS) for Delivery of Therapeutics to Citrus Leaf Tissue\u201d, NanoFlorida 2019<\/em>, Tampa, FL, Nov 2019.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                              14. A. Kundu, C. Hart, C. Didier, L. Santra, T. Ausaf and S. Rajaraman<\/strong>, \u201cMicroneedles as Wearable Devices for Diagnostic and Therapeutic Monitoring of Citrus Trees\u201d, NanoFlorida 2018<\/em>, Melbourne, FL, Oct 2018.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                              15. L. Santra, T. Ausaf, A. Kundu and S. Rajaraman<\/strong>, \u201cMicroneedle-Assisted Delivery of Model Therapeutics to Plant Tissue\u201d, NanoFlorida 2018<\/em>, Melbourne, FL, Oct 2018.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                              16. C. Didier, A. Kundu and S. Rajaraman<\/strong>, \u201cMicromachined 3D Microelectrode Arrays (MEAs), Functionalized Through Nanomaterial Electroplating for Tissue Culture in Space\u201d, NanoFlorida 2018<\/em>, Melbourne, FL, Oct 2018.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                              17. C. Nattoo, A. Kundu and S. Rajaraman<\/strong>, \u201cOptimization of Makerspace Microfabrication Techniques and Materials for 3D Printed Microelectrode Arrays\u201d, NanoFlorida 2018<\/em>, Melbourne, FL, Oct 2018.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                              18. S. Fremgen, S. Springer, A. Kundu and S. Rajaraman<\/strong>, \u201cComparison of the Technical Capabilities of Traditional Glass Surface Micromachining\/Chip-on-Board and 3D Printing-based Microfabrication Technologies Utilizing a Microelectrode Array (MEA) as a Platform Device\u201d, the 11th International Meeting on Substrate-Integrated Microelectrode Arrays<\/em>, Reutlingen, Germany, July 2018.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                              19. S. Fremgen, S. Springer, A. Kundu and S. Rajaraman<\/strong>, \u201cComparison of the Technical Capabilities of Traditional Glass Surface Micromachining\/Chip-on-Board and 3D Printing-based Microfabrication Technologies Utilizing a Microelectrode Array (MEA) as a Platform Device\u201d, the 11th International Meeting on Substrate-Integrated Microelectrode Arrays<\/em>, Reutlingen, Germany, July 2018.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                              20. S. Springer, S. Fremgen, and S. Rajaraman<\/strong>, \u201cBuilding a Modified Replicating Rapid-Prototyping Printer (RepRap) for Extrusion BioPlotting of Cardiomyocytes atop Planar Microelectrode Arrays (MEAs)\u201d the 11th International Meeting on Substrate-Integrated Microelectrode Arrays<\/em>, Reutlingen, Germany, July 2018.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                              21. L. Santra, T. Ausaf and S. Rajaraman<\/strong>, \u201cMicroneedle Assisted Delivery of Model Therapeutic in Plant Tissue\u201d, Florida American Vacuum Society Meeting<\/em>, Orlando, FL, May 2018.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

                                                Conference Posters, Talks and Abstracts (Prior to UCF)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
                                                  \n
                                                1. R.J. Aguilar, G.S. Guvanasen, C. Karnati, T.R. Nichols, S.P. DeWeerth and S. Rajaraman<\/strong>, \u201cDevelopment of Microfabrication and Packaging Technologies toward a Conformable Microelectrode Array (cMEA)\u201d, Georgia Tech Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology First Annual User Meeting<\/em>, Atlanta, GA, 2013.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                2. S. Rajaraman<\/strong>, C. Karnati, R.D. Grier, A.R. Schoenborn, C.M. Arrowood and J.D. Ross, \u201cHigh-Throughput Microelectrode Arrays (HTMEAs) for Network Electrophysiology\u201d, Society for Neuroscience Conference<\/em>, New Orleans, LA, 2012.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                3. G.S. Guvanasen, S. Rajaraman<\/strong>, T.R. Nichols and S.P. DeWeerth, \u201cThe Development of a Stretchable Conductive Polydimethyl Siloxane (PDMS) Penetrating Electrode Arrays for Intramuscular Recording\u201d, Neural Interfaces Conference<\/em>, Salt Lake City, UT, 2012.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                4. S. Rajaraman<\/strong>, M.A. McClain, C. Karnati, R.D. Grier, I.C. Henrich and J.D. Ross, \u201cMultiwell Microelectrode Arrays (MWMEAs) for Network Electrophysiology\u201d, Society of Neuroscience Conference<\/em>, Washington, DC, 2011.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                5. J.D. Ross, S. Rajaraman<\/strong>, E. A. Brown, M.A. McClain, E. McConnell and T.J. O\u2019Brien, \u201cHigh Throughput Neurotoxic Screening with a Novel Microelectrode Array System\u201d Society for Neuroscience Conference<\/em>, Washington, DC, 2011.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                6. M.A. McClain, E.A. Brown, S. Rajaraman<\/strong>, T.J. O\u2019Brien and J.D. Ross, \u201cA Perfusion-Integrated MEA for Fluidic Control in Acute and Long-term Studies of Network Electrophysiology\u201d, Society for Neuroscience Conference<\/em>, Washington, DC, 2011.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                7. P-C. Wang, B.A. Wester, S. Rajaraman<\/strong>, S-J. Paik, S-H. Kim and M.G. Allen, \u201cPhotolithographically-Patterned Hollow Polymer Microneedle Array\u201d, First International Conference on Microneedles, Atlanta<\/em>, GA, 2010.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                8. B.A. Wester, J.D. Ross, S. Rajaraman<\/strong>, M.G. Allen and M.C. LaPlaca, \u201cA Single Unit Neural Injury Model using Mechanically Actuated Microtweezers\u201d, Society of Neuroscience Conference<\/em>, Chicago, IL, 2009.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                9. M. G. Allen, S-H. Kim, S. Rajaraman<\/strong>, P-C. Wang, H. Toreyin and B. A. Wester, \u201cMicroneedle Fabrication Methods\u201d, Microneedle Vaccination Annual Meeting<\/em>, Atlanta, GA, 2008.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                10. S. Rajaraman<\/strong>, Y. Zhao, X. Wu, S-H. Kim and M.G. Allen, \u201cMetal Transfer Micromolding (MTM) Process for High Aspect Ratio 3-D Structures with Functional Metal Surfaces\u201d, ASME Conf. on Flexible Automation<\/em>, Atlanta, GA, 2008.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                11. J. McNeir, M. Gyamerah, S. Rajaraman<\/strong>, P.J. Hesketh, D.S. Gottfried and J. Gole, \u201cDielectrophoresis Based Micro-Devices for Separation and Analysis of Micro-Particles\u201d, AIChE Annual Meeting<\/em>, San Francisco, CA, 2006.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                12. S. Rajaraman<\/strong>, S. Kumar, H-S. Noh, P.J. Hesketh and D.S. Gottfried, \u201cDielectrophoretic Micro-Devices for Manipulation of Nanowires and Macro-Molecules\u201d, Electrochemical Society Symposium on Electrochemical Systems, Sensors and MEMS<\/em>, Atlanta, GA, 2004.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                13. S. Kumar, H. Shin, S. Rajaraman<\/strong>, P.J. Hesketh and Z.L. Wang, \u201cSnO2 Nanosensor Fabrication\u201d, Electrochemical Society Symposium on Electrochemical Systems, Sensors and MEMS,<\/em> Atlanta, GA, 2004.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                14. S. Rajaraman<\/strong>, B. Van Dyke, H.T. Henderson \u201cApplications of Coherent Porous Silicon Technology in MEMS\u201d, International Conference on Nanocomputing<\/em> – Technology Trends, Tamil Nadu, India, Dec 2001.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

                                                  Invited Book Chapters<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
                                                    \n
                                                  1. S. Rajaraman<\/strong>, \u201cMicromachining Techniques for the Realization of 3-D Microelectrode Arrays\u201d, Book Chapter in Nanotechnologies and Neuroscience: Nano-Electronic, Photonic and Mechanical Interfacing <\/em>(Editors \u2013 M. De Vittorio, J. Assad and L. Martiradonna), Springer, New York, NY 2014.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

                                                    Patents<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

                                                    Patents\/Applications Filed (at UCF)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                      \n
                                                    1. D. Rodriguez De Francisco, and S. Rajaraman<\/strong>, “Dissolvable Silk Fibroin Microneedle (Sf\u00b5n) Patch for Long-Term and\/or Sustained Drug Release”, US Patent<\/em> 63\/869,653, Filed: 2025.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                    2. S. Rajaraman<\/strong>, A. Kundu and T. Ausaf, \u201cSystem and Method for Forming a Biological Microdevice\u201d, US Patent 11,351,537<\/em>, Filed: 2018; Awarded: 2022.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                    3. S. Rajaraman<\/strong>, M.J. Moore, C. Didier, and J. Orrico, \u201cThree-Dimensional Microelectrode Array having Electrical, Optical, and Microfluidic Interrogation of Electrogenic Cell Constructs\u201d US Patent Application 2021\/109-02<\/em>, Filed: 2022.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                    4. P. Rajasekaran, and S. Rajaraman<\/strong>, \u201cMethod and Apparatus for Determining a Presence of a Microorganism in a Sample\u201d, US Patent 11,327,068<\/em> Filed: 2018; Awarded: 2022.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                    5. S. Rajaraman and J. Thomas, \u201cInterdigitated Electrodes for In Vitro Analysis of Cells\u201d, US Patent 16\/166,836<\/em>, Filed: 2018; Awarded: 2021.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                    6. P. Rajasekaran, and S. Rajaraman<\/strong>, \u201cMethod and Apparatus for Determining a Presence of a Microorganism in a Sample\u201d, US Patent 16\/893,210<\/em>, Filed: 2018; Awarded: 2021.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                    7. J. L. Curley, M. J. Moore, C. Rountree, H. Nguyen, S. Rajaraman<\/strong> and A. Kundu, \u201cMicroelectrode Array and Uses Thereof\u201d, US Patent Application 17\/193,589<\/em>, Filed: 2021.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                    8. S. Rajaraman<\/strong>, A. Kundu, A. Rozman and J. Castro, \u201c3D Printed, High Throughput 3D Microelectrode Array\u201d, US Patent Application 17\/348,845<\/em>, Filed: 2021.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                    9. S. Rajaraman<\/strong>, A. Kundu, A. Rozman and J. Castro, \u201cMethod for Forming High Throughput 3D Microelectrode Array\u201d, US Patent Application 17\/348,866<\/em>, Filed: 2021.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                    10. S. Rajaraman<\/strong>, A. Kundu, C. Didier, J. L. Curley, M. J. Moore, H. Nguyen and C. Rountree \u201c3D Microelectrode Array (MEA) for Optical and Electrical Probing of Electrogenic Cells\u201d, PCT US20\/60779<\/em>, Filed: 2020.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                    11. S. Rajaraman<\/strong>, \u201cA Makerspace Based Stainless Steel 3D Microelectrode Array (MEA) on Glass Substrate for Optical and Electrical Probing of Electrogenic Cells\u201d, US Provisional Patent Application 63\/083,976<\/em>, Filed: 2020.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                    12. S. Rajaraman<\/strong>, C. Didier and A. Kundu, \u201cFabrication of 3D Microelectrodes and use Thereof in Multi-Functional Biosystems\u201d, US Patent Application 16\/908,666<\/em>, Filed: 2020.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                    13. S. Rajaraman<\/strong>, C. Didier and A. Kundu, \u201cMicroserpentines and Electrodes for Stretchable and Conformable Biosensor Applications\u201d, US Patent Application 16\/857,623<\/em>, Filed: 2020.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                    14. S. Rajaraman<\/strong>, \u201cA Makerspace Based Stainless Steel 3D Microelectrode Array (MEA) on Glass Substrate for Optical and Electrical Probing of Electrogenic Cells\u201d, US Provisional Patent Application 62\/935,987<\/em>, Filed: 2019.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                    15. S. Rajaraman<\/strong>, L. Zhai, N. Azim and A. Kundu, \u201cFabrication of 3D Microelectrodes and use Thereof in Multi-Functional Biosystems\u201d, US Patent Application 16\/404,729<\/em>, Filed: 2019.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                    16. S. Santra, S. Rajaraman<\/strong>, W-H. Lee, M. Campos and Y. Xu, \u201cPhloem-based Delivery of Therapeutics\u201d, US Patent Application 16\/104,752<\/em>, Filed: 2018.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

                                                      Patents\/Applications Filed (Prior to UCF and work done prior to UCF)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                        \n
                                                      1. R.J. Butera, Y.A. Patel, J.D. Ross, S. Rajaraman<\/strong> and I.P. Clements, \u201cNeural Interfacing Device\u201d, US Patent Application 20210236033<\/em>, Filed 2021.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                      2. I.P. Clements, A.J. Preyer, S. Rajaraman<\/strong>, D.C. Millard and J.D. Ross, \u201cMultiwell Microelectrode Array with Optical Stimulation\u201d, US Patent 10989703<\/em>, Filed: 2019; Awarded: 2021.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                      3. I.P. Clements, A.J. Preyer, S. Rajaraman<\/strong>, D.C. Millard and J.D. Ross, \u201cMultiwell Microelectrode Array with Optical Stimulation\u201d, US Patent Application 20200003753<\/em>, Filed: 2019.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                      4. P.E. Tyler, A.J. Preyer and S. Rajaraman<\/strong>, \u201cCell-Based Biosensor Array and Associated Methods for Manufacturing the same\u201d, US Patent 10067117<\/em>, Filed: 2015; Awarded: 2018.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                      5. I.P. Clements, A.J. Preyer, S. Rajaraman<\/strong>, D.C. Millard and J.D. Ross, \u201cMultiwell Microelectrode Array with Optical Stimulation\u201d, US Patent 14738618<\/em>, Filed: 2015; Awarded: 2016.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                      6. I.P. Clements, A.J. Preyer, S. Rajaraman<\/strong>, D.C. Millard and J.D. Ross, \u201cMultiwell Microelectrode Array with Optical Stimulation\u201d, US Patent 9360469<\/em>, Filed: 2015; Awarded: 2016.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                      7. R.J. Butera, Y.A. Patel, J.D. Ross, S. Rajaraman<\/strong> and I.P. Clements, \u201cNeural Interfacing Device\u201d, US Patent 10959631<\/em>, Filed 2015; Awarded: 2021.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                      8. R.D. Grier, A.M. Nicolini, C.M. Arrowood and S. Rajaraman<\/strong>, \u201cDevices, Systems and Methods for Targeted Plating of Materials in High-Throughput Culture Plates\u201d US Patent Application 20180163165<\/em>, Filed 2018.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                      9. R.D. Grier, A.M. Nicolini, C.M. Arrowood and S. Rajaraman<\/strong>, \u201cDevices, Systems and Methods for Targeted Plating of Materials in High-Throughput Culture Plates\u201d US Patent 9885012<\/em>, Filed 2014; Awarded: 2018.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                      10. S. Rajaraman<\/strong>, J.A. Bragg, J.D. Ross and A.J. Preyer, \u201cA Non-Invasive, Segmentable Three-Dimensional Microelectrode Array Patch for Neurophysiological Diagnostics and Therapeutic Stimulation\u201d, US Patent 9700221<\/em> Filed 2014; Awarded: 2017.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                      11. S. Rajaraman<\/strong>, J.D. Ross and A.J. Preyer, \u201cDevices, Systems and Methods for High-Throughput Electrophysiology\u201d, US Patent 9279801<\/em> Filed: 2013; Awarded: 2016.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                      12. S. Rajaraman<\/strong>, J.D. Ross and A.J. Preyer, \u201cDevices, Systems and Methods for High-Throughput Electrophysiology\u201d, US Patent 9329168<\/em> Filed: 2013; Awarded: 2016.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                      13. S. Rajaraman<\/strong>, J.D. Ross and A.J. Preyer, \u201cCulture well Plate\u201d US and EU Design Patent Application 2281386<\/em>, Filed 2013.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                      14. G.S. Guvanasen, S. Rajaraman<\/strong>, R. Aguilar, L. Guo, T.R. Nichols and S.P. DeWeerth, \u201c3-D Microelectrode Device for Live Tissue Applications\u201d, US Patent 9248273<\/em>, Filed 2013; Awarded 2015.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                      15. M.G. Allen, Y-K. Yoon, J-H. Park, X. Wu, Y. Zhao, S-O. Choi and S. Rajaraman<\/strong>, \u201cMethod for Making Electrically Conductive Three-Dimensional Structures\u201d, US Patent 9330820<\/em>, Filed 2013; Awarded: 2016.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                      16. J.D. Ross, E.A. Brown, S. Rajaraman<\/strong>, M.G. Allen and B.C. Wheeler \u201cApparatus and Methods for High Throughput Network Electrophysiology and Cellular Analysis\u201d, US Patent 9290756<\/em>, Filed 2010; Awarded: 2016.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                      17. M. Karpman and S. Rajaraman<\/strong>, \u201cShadow Mask and Method of making the same\u201d, US Patent Number 6893976<\/em>. Analog Devices Inc., Filed: 2002, Awarded: 2005<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

                                                        Dissertations and Thesis<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
                                                          \n
                                                        1. D. Rodriguez De Francisco, “Transdermal Long-Acting Microneedle Patch for Thyroid Hormone Replacement Therapy “, MS Thesis, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 2025<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                        2. R. James, \u201cDevelopment of a Novel Mitochondria Biosensor\u201d MS Thesis<\/em>, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 2024.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                        3. J. Chang, \u201cMultifunctional Fingerprinting of Individual Fibroblasts using MEMS-based Devices\u201d, MS Thesis<\/em>, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 2024.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                        4. O. Cepeda Torres, \u201cExpanding the Capabilities of 3D Microelectrode Arrays with Multimaterial Palette and a 6-well Flex Circuit System\u201d, MS Thesis<\/em>, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 2024.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                        5. A. Childs, “Bactesign Biosystems Technologies for In Vitro<\/em> Bacterial Models”, Ph.D.<\/em> Dissertation<\/em>, University of Central Florida, FL, 2024.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                        6. P. Morales-Cruz, “A Handheld Biomimetic, Phase Change Microsystem for Breath Condensate Based Point-of Use (POU) Diagnostics Assays”, MS Thesis<\/em>, University of Central Florida, FL, 2024.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                        7. J. Manrique Castro, \u201cMicrofabrication, Modeling and Characterization of BioMEMS Platforms for Interfacing with Multisized Biological Entities for In vitro Studies\u201d, Ph.D. Dissertation<\/em>, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 2023. <\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                        8. C. Didier, \u201c3D Microelectrode Arrays for the Study and Interrogation of Electrogenic Cells in Fabricated Microenvironments\u201d, Ph.D. Dissertation<\/em>, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 2022.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                        9. J. Orrico, \u201cMicro\/NanoFabrication Process Development and Device Characterization Towards Tri-Modal (Optical, Electrical and Microfluidic) 3D Microelectrode Arrays (MEAs)\u201d, MS Thesis<\/em>, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 2021.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                        10. N. Azim, \u201cPolymer-based and Functionalized 3D Microelectrode Array (MEA) Biosensors\u201d, Ph.D. Dissertation<\/em>, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 2021.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                        11. C. Hart, \u201cDevelopment of Facile Microfabrication Technologies for the Fabrication and Characterization of Multimodal Impedimetric, Plasmonic, and Electrophysiological Biosensors\u201d, Ph.D. Dissertation<\/em>, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 2020.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                        12. C. Didier, \u201cDevelopment of 3D Printed and 3D Metal-Based Micro\/Nanofabricated and Nano-Functionalized, Microelectrode Array (MEA) Biosensors for Flexible, Conformable and In vitro Applications\u201d, MS Thesis<\/em>, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 2019.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                        13. S. Rajaraman<\/strong>, \u201cMicromachined Three-Dimensional Electrode Arrays for in vitro and in vivo Electrogenic Cellular Networks\u201d, Ph.D. Dissertation<\/em>, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 2009.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                        14. S. Rajaraman<\/strong>, \u201cSilicon MEMS-Based Development and Characterization of Batch Fabricated Microneedles for Biomedical Applications\u201d, MS Thesis<\/em>, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 2001.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

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